Vaginal Cyst
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Vaginal cysts are closed pockets of air, fluid, or pus located on or under the vaginal lining. There are several types of vaginal cysts.
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The cysts typically don’t cause any symptoms, but they can sometimes cause discomfort with sexual activity or the insertion of tampons. Vaginal cysts usually remain small and often don’t require treatment.
However, different types of cysts may become enlarged and lead to pain, itching, or an increased risk of infection. These can be caused by injury during childbirth, fluid buildup in your glands, or benign (noncancerous) tumors within the vagina.
Types of Vaginal Cyst
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Bartholin’s gland cysts: These are fluid-filled cysts that form on the Bartholin’s glands, which sit on either side of the vaginal opening. The glands produce fluid that lubricates the outer lips of the vagina.
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Inclusion cysts: Typically, these form on the lower back of the vaginal wall. They may be caused by injury during childbirth or surgery. They tend to be very small and unlikely to be noticed. They are also one of the most common forms of cysts that can develop on the vagina.
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Mullerian cysts: These are other common types of cysts that form as a result of material left behind when a baby develops. They grow anywhere on the vaginal walls and often contain mucus.
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Gartner’s duct cysts: These can occur when ducts in a developing embryo do not disappear as they should after a baby is born. The leftover ducts can develop into vaginal cysts over time.
Symptoms of an ovarian cyst
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Abdominal bloating or swelling
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Painful bowel movements
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Pelvic pain before or during the menstrual cycle
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Painful intercourse
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Pain in the lower back or thighs
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Breast tenderness
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Nausea and vomiting
Causes
Improper surgery that damages the vaginal lining
Blockage of a duct or gland where some or other material start collecting
Injury
Infection
Congenital (present from birth)
Symptoms
Tenderness of the vagina
Formation of a lump near the vaginal opening
Discomfort during intercourse, walking, exercising, or upon inserted
Infection in the vagina
Pain due to infected vaginal cysts
Diagnosis
Surgery
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Biopsy of a tissue sample from the cyst to diagnose the possibility of vaginal cancer
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An ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan to see the detailed images of the cyst.
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Tests on the secretions or discharge from the vagina or cervix to find out if the patient has a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
Infected or large cysts may require surgical drainage to remove the pus or contents. This is usually done under the influence of local anesthesia or sedation. The doctor will make a small incision in the cyst to drain it. After draining, the doctor will put a small rubber tube in the incision so that the cyst can remain open for several weeks and drain completely.
Sitz baths involve a woman soaking in a tub filled with a few inches of warm water several times a day for 3-4 days. This soaking may help a small, infected cyst to burst and drain with no further intervention needed.
Marsupialization, for frequently recurring or bothersome cysts. A doctor places stitches on each side of a drainage incision to create a permanent opening. A rubber tube may be inserted to promote drainage for a few days after the procedure and to help prevent a recurrence.
In rare cases, many times gland removal is the only treatment option for the patient. However, this situation occurs in very rare cases.
